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Product equations (A × B = 0)

Level 4 · Ages 13–15

Quick recall· Let's wake up what you already know before we start.

Refresher: solve the equation 2x - 8 = 0.

The whole lesson

Read it again any time, including while you work through the exercises.

Here is a remarkable fact about multiplication: if a product equals 0, then at least one of its factors is 0. It cannot be otherwise! Try multiplying two nonzero numbers: 2 × 3, (-5) × 4, 0.1 × 0.1... you will never get 0. Zero does not appear out of thin air: it was already in the product.

This property becomes an equation-solving machine. Facing (x - 3)(x + 7) = 0, no need to expand: the product is zero, so x - 3 = 0 or x + 7 = 0. Two easy mini-equations instead of one big one: x = 3 or x = -7. The equation has TWO solutions, and that is new: until now, your equations had only one.

The important word is OR: it is enough for ONE factor to vanish for the product to be zero. When x = 3, the first factor is 0 and the second is 10: the product is indeed 0 × 10 = 0. Both factors do not need to vanish at the same time.

Often the equation does not arrive in product form: x² = 9x, for instance. The vital reflex: bring everything to zero on one side (x² - 9x = 0), then FACTOR (x(x - 9) = 0) to recover a product equation. Above all, never divide both sides by x: you would silently lose the solution x = 0.

This technique is a key gateway in algebra: it is what will later let you solve equations of degree 2 and beyond. Zero product, zero factor: engrave that sentence in your memory.

The worked example, step by step

Solve the equation (x - 3)(x + 7) = 0.

  1. (x - 3)(x + 7) = 0

    It is a product of two factors equal to 0. A zero product must have a zero factor.

  2. x - 3 = 0 ou x + 7 = 0

    I split into two mini-equations joined by OR: one vanishing factor is enough.

  3. x = 3 ou x = -7

    I solve each mini-equation. The product equation therefore has two solutions.

  4. (3 - 3)(3 + 7) = 0 × 10 = 0 ✓

    I check with x = 3: the first factor is 0, so the product is 0. Same check works for x = -7.

Result: The solutions are x = 3 and x = -7.

Solve the equation x² - 4x = 0.

  1. x² - 4x = 0

    No visible product yet. Above all, I do not divide by x: I would lose a solution. I factor instead.

  2. x(x - 4) = 0

    The common factor is x: the equation becomes a product equation.

  3. x = 0 ou x - 4 = 0

    Zero product, so one of the factors is zero. Note: x = 0 is a fully fledged solution.

  4. x = 0 ou x = 4

    Check: 0² - 4 × 0 = 0 and 4² - 4 × 4 = 16 - 16 = 0. Both work.

Result: The solutions are x = 0 and x = 4.